Migraine

Biography

Migraine is a neurological disorder that causes moderate-to-severe headaches. The pain usually affects one side of the head. It is generally associated with nausea, light sensitivity and sound sensitivity. Other symptoms may include dizziness, vomiting, and difficulty thinking. In some cases, a migraine attack begins with an aura, a period of sensory disturbance. Migraine attacks vary among individuals. Some people experience occasional attacks, while others develop chronic migraine with frequent headaches. Migraine frequency can increase over time. In some cases, frequent use of pain medications for headaches can make migraines worse and lead to medication overuse headache. Attacks are more likely to happen when changes occur in a person's daily routine, such as lack of sleep, disrupted sleep, skipped meals, or hormonal fluctuations. Migraine is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors that affect the activity of nerve cells and chemical signals in the brain. Migraine attacks are theorized to occur when the brain exceeds an individual's sensitivity threshold. Migraine attacks have multiple phases. The initial phase of a migraine attack can start 48 hours before the main headache phase and may cause early warning symptoms. The subsequent pain phase of a migraine attack may be linked to increased activity in the pain pathway of the brain, with heightened blood flow and transmission of pain signals. A migraine management plan often includes lifestyle modifications to cope with possible migraine triggers and reduce the impact of co-occurring conditions. Lifestyle changes that may prevent migraines include stress management, improving sleep habits, eating regularly, and exercise. Treatment for acute mild to moderate attacks begins with over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen and paracetamol. Triptans are recommended as a first-line therapy for moderate to severe attacks. The approval of gepants is seen as a majo

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